1,329 research outputs found
DIP: Disruption-Tolerance for IP
Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTN) have been a popular subject of recent
research and development. These networks are characterized by frequent, lengthy
outages and a lack of contemporaneous end-to-end paths. In this work we discuss
techniques for extending IP to operate more effectively in DTN scenarios. Our
scheme, Disruption Tolerant IP (DIP) uses existing IP packet headers, uses the
existing socket API for applications, is compatible with IPsec, and uses
familiar Policy-Based Routing techniques for network management
Duality Theory for Robust Utility Maximisation
In this paper we present a duality theory for the robust utility maximisation
problem in continuous time for utility functions defined on the positive real
axis. Our results are inspired by -- and can be seen as the robust analogues of
-- the seminal work of Kramkov & Schachermayer [18]. Namely, we show that if
the set of attainable trading outcomes and the set of pricing measures satisfy
a bipolar relation, then the utility maximisation problem is in duality with a
conjugate problem. We further discuss the existence of optimal trading
strategies. In particular, our general results include the case of logarithmic
and power utility, and they apply to drift and volatility uncertainty
The impact of socioeconomic status on implant selection for patients undergoing hip arthroplasty
© 2015, UTMJ. All rights reserved. Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) is an alternative to total hip arthroplasty (THA) that preserves proximal femoral bone stock. Patient socioeconomic status (SES) has been demonstrated to impact access to care for numerous healthcare interventions but little is known about its impact on HRA when compared to THA. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are disparities in SES for patients receiving HRA or THA. A retrospective database review was conducted comprising 617 hip arthroplasty patients (310 HRA, 307 THA). Patient postal code was used as a surrogate marker for patients’ SES and referenced against Canada Census Tract data to determine patient income. Patients greater than 70 years of age and those who underwent THA as revision or for fractures were excluded from the study. There were 465 patients included in the analysis comprised of 273 HRA and 192 THA patients. HRA patients (8,206) had a significantly higher mean income than THA patients (7,119, p\u3c0.001). The percentage of patients that underwent HRA compared to THA increased as patients’ SES increased. Patients with an income greater than 25,000 in whom THA was more likely. There appears to be a disparity in SES between patients who receive HRA and THA. Further work is needed to better understand the factors that influence the choice of hip replacement for patients requiring surgical intervention
Distribution of Water Vapor in Molecular Clouds
We report the results of a large-area study of water vapor along the Orion
Molecular Cloud ridge, the purpose of which was to determine the
depth-dependent distribution of gas-phase water in dense molecular clouds. We
find that the water vapor measured toward 77 spatial positions along the
face-on Orion ridge, excluding positions surrounding the outflow associated
with BN/KL and IRc2, display integrated intensities that correlate strongly
with known cloud surface tracers such as CN, C2H, 13CO J =5-4, and HCN, and
less well with the volume tracer N2H+. Moreover, at total column densities
corresponding to Av < 15 mag., the ratio of H2O to C18O integrated intensities
shows a clear rise approaching the cloud surface. We show that this behavior
cannot be accounted for by either optical depth or excitation effects, but
suggests that gas-phase water abundances fall at large Av. These results are
important as they affect measures of the true water-vapor abundance in
molecular clouds by highlighting the limitations of comparing measured water
vapor column densities with such traditional cloud tracers as 13CO or C18O.
These results also support cloud models that incorporate freeze-out of
molecules as a critical component in determining the depth-dependent abundance
of water vapor
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